Photo by Christian Bowen on Unsplash
Recently, I received a request from an elderly couple who asked me to help them rethink their home. While they currently experience no mobility or cognitive challenges, they wanted to future-proof their space and ensure it would continue to support them comfortably and safely in the years to come.
What stood out about their approach was how proactive and thoughtful it was. Rather than waiting for limitations to arise, they saw the value in design as a tool for long-term wellbeing. This inspired me to write this article not just for clients facing immediate health concerns, but for those planning ahead with intention.
That experience sparked this guide, designed to help fellow interior designers create homes that adapt gracefully over time, blending beauty, function, and foresight.
As people live longer and express a desire to remain in their own homes well into later life, interior designers are increasingly called upon to reimagine domestic environments that support aging in place. Successful senior-friendly design isn’t simply about safety—it’s about maintaining dignity, promoting autonomy, and enhancing the everyday experience of living.
This guide takes an in-depth, room-by-room look at the essential considerations for creating homes that age gracefully alongside their residents. It highlights functional challenges, emotional needs, and spatial behaviours that evolve with time, particularly in the rooms most central to daily life: the bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and living room.
Bedroom – A place for rest and recovery
The bedroom is more than just a sleeping space—it’s a refuge, especially as people age and spend more time resting, recovering, or even managing health conditions. Aging may bring about reduced mobility, insomnia, or the need to get up during the night, making safe and accessible design essential.
How use changes with age
- Increased time spent resting or reclining
- More frequent nighttime awakenings (e.g., bathroom trips)
- Greater need for comfort, warmth, and emotional security
- Possible need for medical equipment or assistance devices
Design tips
- Bed Height: Choose a bed height that makes sitting down and standing up easy (typically 20–23 inches from the floor).
- Firm Mattress with Edge Support: Eases transitions in and out of bed and reduces risk of rolling off.
- Clear Pathways: Ensure at least 36 inches of clearance around the bed for mobility aids.
- Night Lighting: Install motion-sensor nightlights from the bed to the bathroom to prevent disorientation.
- Smart Storage: Keep everyday clothing and items between waist and shoulder height—no bending or reaching.
- Phone or Alert System Nearby: Always have an emergency communication device within arm’s reach.
- Minimal Rugs: Use low-pile or secured rugs to prevent tripping.
Bathroom – where most accidents happen
The bathroom is statistically the most dangerous room in the house for seniors. Slippery surfaces, tight spaces, and poor visibility make it a hotspot for falls and injuries. Yet it’s a space where independence is highly valued and needs to be preserved as long as possible.
How use changes with age
- Reduced balance and slower reflexes increase risk during bathing
- Stiff joints or arthritis may affect ability to use faucets or toilet
- Cognitive decline may make navigating the space harder
- Greater need for rest while showering or grooming
Design tips
- Curbless Shower: Install a barrier-free, walk-in shower with non-slip flooring.
- Grab Bars: Anchor grab bars beside the toilet and inside the shower or tub area.
- Shower Bench and Handheld Sprayer: Make it possible to bathe while seated and reduce fatigue.
- Raised Toilet with Support Rails: Simplifies sitting and standing without straining knees.
- Anti-Scald Devices: Prevent burns by controlling water temperature.
- No-Threshold Flooring: Use continuous, non-slip surfaces to avoid trip hazards.
- Bright, Even Lighting: Add task lighting around the mirror and ambient light throughout.
Kitchen – the hub of activity
The kitchen is a central part of daily life where meals are prepared, medication is stored, and social interactions often happen. However, it also poses risks: hot surfaces, sharp objects, and the need to reach high or low can become increasingly difficult.
How use changes with age
- Fine motor skills may decline, making handling utensils or appliances tricky
- Standing for long periods becomes harder
- Reduced vision may affect reading labels or appliance controls
- Safety awareness may decline, increasing fire or burn risks
Design tips
- Pull-Out Drawers and Shelves: Make it easier to access lower cabinets without bending or kneeling.
- Side-by-Side Fridge/Freezer: Keeps frequently used items within easy reach.
- Induction Cooktop: Safe alternative to gas or electric stoves—cools instantly and reduces fire risk.
- Lever or Touch Faucets: Easier on arthritic hands than twist knobs.
- Adjustable Lighting: Task lighting under cabinets and brighter overhead lights improve visibility.
- Anti-Fatigue Mats: Place at the sink and prep areas to ease joint pressure.
- Clear Labeling and Contrasts: Use high-contrast labels and controls for better visibility.
Living Room – the social and relaxation hub
The living room is where relaxation, hobbies, and family visits happen. It’s a highly trafficked area, so comfort, safety, and flexibility are key. It’s also where many older adults spend long stretches of time watching TV, reading, or enjoying hobbies.
How use changes with age
- Increased time spent sitting or reclining
- Reduced mobility requires clearer paths and better seating
- Cognitive challenges may call for simplified layouts and reduced clutter
Design tips
- Supportive Seating: Choose firm chairs with arms and high backs to support posture and aid standing.
- Decluttered Layout: Arrange furniture to allow clear, 36-inch-wide walkways.
- No Loose Rugs or Cords: Secure or remove anything that could cause tripping.
- Remote-Controlled Lighting and Blinds: Makes adjustments easier for those with limited mobility.
- Contrasting Colors: Help distinguish furniture from floors and walls for those with vision impairments.
- Easy Access Storage: Keep books, remotes, or medications in drawers or trays within reach.
Entryway – The First Step In
The entryway sets the tone for accessibility and safety. As people age, even a small step can become a major barrier. It also becomes important for home security and weather protection.
Design tips
- No-Step Entry or Ramp: Replace steps with gently sloped ramps with handrails.
- Non-Slip Surfaces: Use textured tiles or rubberized mats to prevent slipping.
- Well-Lit Path: Use motion-sensor lights outside and in the entry hall.
- Lever Handles: Easier to open for weak hands than round knobs.
- Bench or Seating Area: Provides a place to sit while putting on or taking off shoes.
Hallways and Stairways – The Dangerous In-Betweens
Though often overlooked, hallways and stairways are major tripping hazards and difficult to navigate with reduced balance or poor vision. Their redesign can greatly improve safety.
Design tips
- Widened Hallways: Aim for at least 36–42 inches to accommodate walkers or wheelchairs.
- Double Handrails on Stairs: Provide support on both sides of the stairwell.
- High-Contrast Step Edges: Improve depth perception with bold, visible step edges.
- Stairlift or Residential Elevator: Provides access to multi-level homes if needed.
- Automatic Lights: Hallway lights that come on with motion or dim slowly help reduce disorientation.
Laundry Room – Making Chores Easier
Though not always daily, laundry tasks can be physically demanding. Simple modifications can make this chore easier and safer.
Design tips
- Front-Load Washer and Dryer: Easier to access than top-loading models.
- Counter at Waist Height: For folding clothes without bending.
- Pull-Out Hampers: Reduce lifting and reaching.
- Wall-Mounted Ironing Board: Saves space and reduces setup effort.
- Bright Lighting: Helps with sorting and spotting stains.
Outdoor spaces – for health and happiness
Gardening, fresh air, and simply spending time outdoors have significant physical and emotional benefits for seniors. The goal is to make these areas safe and enjoyable.
Design tips
- Smooth, Non-Slip Walkways: Prevent trips and falls; use slip-resistant pavers or decking.
- Raised Garden Beds: Allow gardening while seated or standing upright.
- Stable Seating: Include chairs with armrests and sturdy construction.
- Fencing and Gates: Provide security and support wandering prevention if needed.
- Soft Path Lighting: Use solar lights to mark walkways for evening strolls.
Integrating smart home features
A final note is about smart home technology that offers powerful tools to support older adults in maintaining independence, safety, and comfort at home. These systems, when thoughtfully integrated, can reduce physical strain, enhance daily routines, and provide peace of mind for both residents and their families.
Voice-controlled assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Nest allow users to control lights, thermostats, and appliances without needing to move around the house. This is especially helpful for those with limited mobility or arthritis. Smart lighting systems can automate schedules or activate motion sensors at night to reduce the risk of falls.
Security and safety features, such as video doorbells, smart locks, and indoor cameras, enable residents to see who’s at the door, monitor their home remotely, and receive alerts if unusual activity occurs. Fall detection devices, emergency call systems, and connected medical alerts offer rapid response in case of accidents.
Smart thermostats help maintain consistent temperatures, which is critical for seniors sensitive to heat or cold. Even reminders for medication or appointments can be managed via smart speakers or apps.
When incorporated seamlessly, smart home features don’t overwhelm—they empower, creating an environment that adapts to changing needs while preserving autonomy and peace of mind.
